UV Radiation induces a mutation Essay - 1269 Words

To deduce if UV Radiation induced a mutation in the DNA of Serratia Marcescens and prevented the production of the red pigment called Prodigiosin. Hypothesis: Maybe the disappearance of red color in Serratia Marcescens is caused by the UV light which induces mutations in its DNA and is known as a common mutagen. Prediction: If UV light mutates the DNA of Serratia Marcescens then the red pigment colonies of the bacteria will no longer be produced. Independent Variable: Ultra Violet Radiation Dependent Variable: The color change of the bacteria Serratia Marcescens from red to white and the survival of the bacteria. Control: Nutrient agar plate with streaks of Serratia Marcescens without exposure to UV light.†¦show more content†¦There was no difference between the control plates which proves that the lid on the plate serves as significant protection, potentially shielding the bacteria to the mutagenic effects the UV light. All three plates were incubated at 25 degree Celsius. The first Control plate showed lots of red and furry growth and the original pattern of swiping was observed in all the quadrants. The second control plate was also observed to have furry and pigmented red growth in all the quadrants, despite being exposed to UV light due to the plate lid during exposure. The experiment plate showed the most interesting results, in the 10 second UV exposure quadrant the bacteria had red pigmented growth but it is speckled, pinpointed and the original swipes were not observed. Moreover the growth seemed not as furry and robust as the control plates. The quadrant exposed to 20 sec o f UV light showed significantly less growth than the 10 sec quadrant and the colonies are pinpointed with several beige colonies in between the red speckles. Original swipe pattern of the bacteria was not observed in this colony. In the quadrant exposed to 30 seconds of UV light, the differences are even more significant as the colonies are few and far in between and only several pinpoint red colonies found with a few beige colonies and some colonies with red centers surrounded by beige. The effects of UV light are very drastic in the 40 second quadrant as the growth is severely diminished with only aShow MoreRelatedDna Analysis On Dna And Dna1535 Words   |  7 Pagescreated strand. (Freeman, 2014) Mutations are changes that occur in the DNA sequence. Mutations range in size; they can affect anywhere from a single DNA building block (base pair) to a large segment of a chromosome that includes multiple genes. (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2016) Mutations happen frequently in DNA molecules. These mutations can have no effect, a positive effect, or a negative effect on the organism that it occurs in. Mutations can be caused by a number of factors, includingRead MoreThe Effects Of Uv On Its Effect On Human Behavior1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe second part of the study was trying to determine the effects of UV rays in regards to prodigiosin production. When defined, evolution is a change over time with respect to S. marcescens and the change in its genetic components over time [Reviewed by Kelly]. Stemming from evolution, natural selection is often fostered by the addition of a selective pressure, and in this case it is the UV light. Selective pressures are created to put stress on the organism which in the end will determine whichRead MoreOzone Depletion And Its Negative Effects On Aquatic Skin1139 Words   |  5 Pagesis the inability of the earth’s atmosphere to filter the UV (Ultra Violate) rays emitted by the sun and actually which has created a various problems such as the negative effects on the terrestrial and aquatic skin. UV ray is that with low wavelength and high frequency. 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It has many function such as protecting as barrier against radiations, pathogens etc. Skin mainly consists of 3 layers, epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. Epidermis is the outer layer of the skin which is comparatively thin and tough. Epidermis does not have blood vessels and comprised of epithelial cells. Most of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes. Epidermis is originated from the deepest layer of the epidermis called basalRead MoreLab Report Essay4232 Words   |  17 Pagesbiosynthetic pathway. We determined that the UV light treatment was the most potent treatment of mutagenesis and also the most effective in inducing mutations, followed by the Tn5 and the EMS was the least potent and effective treatment. Introduction A culture of E.coli K12, KL14 was used to carry out the experiment on. The advantage of using E.coli cells to experiment on is that they are haploid organisms and contain a single set of chromosomes so if a mutation was to occur, the bacterial cell willRead MoreSkin Cancer : Symptoms And Treatment1462 Words   |  6 Pagesoverexposure of UV radiation that damages the human DNA which lead to DNA mutation. There are three types of skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and the basal cell carcinoma. Skin cancer could also cause lethal death in human body. Now, the iatrology is trying to find the best way to treat the diseases. (1) Ultraviolet light (UV) Introduction The ultraviolet light is found around our lives, even if we do not concern about it too much. It is a kind of electromagnetic radiation that comes fromRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Sunlight1612 Words   |  7 Pagesout to compare the levels of vitamin D3 between indoor and outdoor workers. The latter were exposed to both UVA and UVB radiation while the former ones were merely exposed to UVA radiation. Previtamin D3 can be converted to vitamin D3 in skin, which is then further converted to its most hormonally active form - calcitriol (1ÃŽ ±,25-dihydroxvitamin D3), with the use of UVB radiation. (Lehmann, 2005) Calcitriol regulates an approximation of 60 nuclear genes. (Chakraborti, 2011) Thus, it is able to controlRead MoreThe Merkel Cell ( Mcc )1459 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease in the long run. During normal cell division, if a cell is damaged the body will recognize it and it will result in apoptosis and move on. In contrast, cancer cell division is a mutation that continues as an uncontrolled growth. (Moshiri,2014) Implications for individual: Treatment exists for MCC, there us radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Reconstruction after surgery for skin cancer and follow-up care are essential during the healing process as well. Although there are treatments for MCC ImplicationsRead MoreBiology of Cancer Study Guide1184 Words   |  5 Pagesstill organized Dysplasia- more cells that normal but not organized Carcinoma in situ- severe dysplasia. it is still pre-cancer, benign tumor. Use the car analogy to describe the basic differences between oncogenes and tumor suppressor gene mutations in the development of cancer. 1. Turning on oncogens (go signals, step on gas, gas petal is stuck, stuck accelerator) 2. Losing tumor suppressor (cutting the brakes) 3. Becoming immortal/immortalization (endless tank of gas) 4. Loss of apoptosis-

Muselmann in Nazi Concentration Camps

During the Holocaust, Muselmann, sometimes called â€Å"Moslem,† was a slang term that referred to a prisoner or kapo in a Nazi concentration camp that was in poor physical condition and had given up the will to live. A Muselmann was seen as the â€Å"walking dead† or a â€Å"wandering corpse† whose remaining time on Earth was very short.   How a Prisoner Became a Muselmann It was not difficult for concentration camp prisoners to slip into this condition. Rations in even the harshest labor camps were very limited and clothing did not adequately protect prisoners from the elements. These poor conditions plus long hours of forced labor caused prisoners to burn essential calories just to regulate body temperature.  Weight loss occurred rapidly and the metabolic systems of many prisoners were not strong enough to sustain a body on such limited caloric intake.   Additionally, daily humiliations and torture transformed even the banalest tasks into difficult chores. Shaving had to be done with a piece of glass. Shoelaces broke and were not replaced. A lack of toilet paper, no winter clothes to wear in the snow, and no water to clean oneself were just a few of the everyday hygiene problems suffered by camp inmates. Just as important as these harsh conditions was the lack of hope. Concentration camp prisoners had no idea how long their ordeal would last. Since each day felt like a week, the years felt like decades. For many, the lack of hope destroyed their will to live. It was when a prisoner was ill, starving, and without hope that they would fall into the Muselmann state. This condition was both physical and psychological, making a Muselmann lose all desire to live.  Survivors speak of a strong desire to avoid slipping into this category, as chances of survival once one reached that point were almost non-existent.   Once one became a Muselmann, one simply died shortly thereafter. Sometimes they died during the daily routine or the prisoner might be placed in the camp hospital to silently expire. Since a Muselmann was lethargic and could no longer work, the Nazis found them unuseful. Thus, especially at some of the larger camps, a Muselmann would be chosen during a Selektion to be gassed, even if gassing was not part of the primary purpose of the camp establishment. Where the Muselmann Term Came From The term â€Å"Muselmann† is a frequently occurring word in Holocaust testimony, but it is one whose origins are highly unclear.  The German and Yiddish translations of the term â€Å"Muselmann† corresponds with the term â€Å"Muslim.† Several pieces of survivor literature, including that of Primo Levi, also relay this translation.   The word is also commonly misspelled as Musselman, Musselmann, or Muselman.  Some believe that the term originated from the crouched, almost prayer-like stance that individuals in this condition took on; thus bringing forth the image of a Muslim in prayer.   The term spread throughout the Nazi camp system and is found in survivor reflections of experiences in a large number of camps throughout occupied Europe. Although the use of the term was widespread, the largest numbers of known recollections that use the term include a stop in Auschwitz.  Since the Auschwitz complex often acted as a clearinghouse for laborers to other camps, it is not unthinkable that it the term originated there.   A Muselmann Song Muselmà ¤nner (the plural of â€Å"Muselmann†) were prisoners that were both pitied and avoided. In the dark humor of the camps, some prisoners even parodied them. For instance, in Sachsenhausen, the term inspired a song among Polish inmates, with credit for the composition going to a political prisoner named Aleksander Kulisiewicz.   Kulisiewicz is said to have created the song (and a subsequent dance) after his own experience with a Muselmann in his barracks in July 1940.  In 1943, finding a further audience in newly-arrived Italian prisoners, he added additional lyrics and gestures. In the song, Kulisiewicz sings about the horrible conditions within the camp. All of this takes its toll on a prisoner, singing, â€Å"I’m so light, so slight, so empty-headed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then the prisoner loses his grip on reality, contrasting a strange giddiness with his poor state of health, singing, â€Å"Yippee! Yahoo! Look, I’m dancing! / I’m retching warm blood.† The song ends with the Muselmann singing, â€Å"Mama, my mama, let me gently die.†

Article Review on the China Road for Peace Free Essays

Zheng’ Bijian is the current chairman of the China Reform Forum and until 2002 when he retired he was the executive Vice President of the Central Party School committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Zheng’ Bijian was born in 1932 in Fushun which is in Sichuan province. Zheng’ holds a masters in political economics from the People’s University of China. We will write a custom essay sample on Article Review on the China Road for Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well known for his involvement in research, Zheng has been actively involved in research for the government as well as the Communist party of China (CPC). Zheng’ became a personal secretary to Hu Yaobang who was the General Secretary then. Zheng’ worked for CPC central committee as the publicity department deputy director between 1992 and 1997. Zheng has initiated major policy themes in china including the ‘Peaceful rise of China’ which aims at developing China in a peaceful manner while incorporating Sino- European relations. He insisted that China needed to yield peaceful international relations even as it relied on its own strength for development. The foreign policies center The 48 Group Club is an independent network formed in early 1950s which promotes business links with China. It was formed after the first westerners commonly known as the icebreakers formed successful trade relations with China. 48 Group Club currently has over three hundred members in form of political leaders and businesses. The group networks events mostly related to advancement business to interested institutions and managers. Most organizations that participate are those leading in the development of China Business for British Organizations. The group is known to hold talks and business related conferences aimed at improving business relations and activities. 48 Group Club holds lectures which allow senior business official and government official alike to exchange views and discuss important issues. The group also holds receptions for visiting delegates to china and those from the private sector during their stay. Zheng’s speech. The road for peaceful rise encompasses ten points that are meant to assist China evolves into a world power through development and civilization as it maintains peace in China as well as the rest of the world. Building international relationships is key during the process. They intend to build friendships with other countries while promoting trustworthiness and harmony. China’s road for peaceful rise will ensure that the people of China have decent and dignified life. The country undertakes to improve economic development through acquisition of resources which will in turn increase production. Economic globalization is to be achieved through co-operation with other countries avoiding oppression through colonialization or forceful acquisition of resources from other countries. The peaceful rise will make use of the socialist system which has a domestic policy of developing productivity while the foreign policy aims at promoting peace. Promotion of industrialization and civilization are also vital as China strives to make a new image for its country. Modern civilization is going to be promoted through new patterns of industrialization to build a harmonious socialist society. The road of peaceful rise aims at furthering foreign relations through development of Sino-European and Sino-UK relations. China realizes the importance of such relations and intends to participate in international endeavors such as fighting terrorism and fighting weapons of mass destruction. China hopes to benefit from these relations by promoting economy, education, trade and finance. Learning from the developed countries like Europe and UK to help in tackling problems comes in handy in this peaceful rise. China will make use of European countries which are more developed to assist it in sorting certain problems. How to cite Article Review on the China Road for Peace, Papers

Hamlet Drama Essay Example For Students

Hamlet Drama Essay To die, would be to abandon this garden suffocated by weeds. To take one’s life, is to alleviate turmoil from the heart. Although extremely tempting, Hamlet cannot, therefore will not commit suicide. For he believes God â€Å"had†¦ fixed / his canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! † (line 131-132 p. 166). With this in his mind he drags his burden deeper and deeper into a pit of agony. Inflicted upon him were the excruciatingly painful blows of his father’s death and the incestuous marriage of his mother and uncle. Hamlet held his father with high esteem calling him an excellent king and Hyperion. He resents his â€Å"more than kin, and less than kind† (line 65 p. 165) stepfather, exclaiming, â€Å"So excellent a king, that was, to this! / Hyperion to a satyr† (line 139-140 p. 166). He not only shows resentment towards his uncle, Claudius, but is also beset with anguish over his mother’s hasty marriage, crying out, â€Å"She married O, most wicked speed, to post / with such dexterity to incestuous sheets! / It is not nor it cannot come to good: / But break, my heart† (line 166-169 p. 67). Then, the spirit of King Hamlet visits Elsinor to reveal to his son, â€Å"the serpent that did sting thy father’s life now wears his crown. † (lines 39-40 p. 172). The spirit asks, â€Å"If thou didst ever the dear father love – revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. Hamlet must avenge his father’s unnatural and horrible death! He swears to revenge but delays his vengeance missing opportunities one right after the other. In the Shakespearean play, Hamlet, the conflict comes from Hamlet’s Christian and moral beliefs and his need to avenge his father’s murder. Instead of storming into Claudius’ room to kill him after hearing what the ghost revealed, Hamlet must discover first-hand whether or not the ghost is telling the truth of who he is and if his story is factual. He says, â€Å"The spirit that I have seen / may be the devil: and the devil hath power / to assume a pleasing shape; yea, and perhaps / out of my weakness and my melancholy, / As he is very potent with such spirits, / abuses me to damn me† (line 632-637 p. 188). Hamlet’s Christian belief is that the devil can fix its disposition to take advantage of a person’s weakness to abuse them. This causes a delay in that he must make a plan and carry out the plan in order to verify the ghost’s accusations of Claudius and his death. Hamlet meets with players and decides he will have them act out something like the murder of his father and observe his uncle’s reaction. â€Å"I’ll tent him to the quick: if he but blench, I know my course, †¦ I’ll have grounds more relative than this: the play’s the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the king. † Hamlet now has tools for his revenge: a plan, but still contemplates suicide. This is evident in his third soliloquy, saying, â€Å"To be or not to be: that is the question:†¦to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or†¦ by opposing end them: To die: to sleep:†¦ by a sleep to say we end the heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks†¦shuffled off this mortal coil. † (line 56-67). This is Hamlet’s greatest inner conflict. He does not want anything to do with this world. He wants to leave his afflictions and fall to the eternal peaceful sleep but in his Christian belief God damns those who commit â€Å"self-slaughter†. In this soliloquy Hamlet shows a lack of self-motivation. He is overcome by so much turmoil that he doesn’t want to do anything, not even avenge his father’s murder but to just die and leave his problems behind. Hamlet’s mood swings into revenge mode as he sees Claudius’ revealing countenance as he watches the play titled, Mouse-trap, that Hamlet requested especially for him. By Claudius’ reaction to the play the ghost’s story is verified to be true. After the play he searches for Claudius and finds him in â€Å"prayer† or what he thinks to be prayer. .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 , .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .postImageUrl , .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 , .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:hover , .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:visited , .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:active { border:0!important; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:active , .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0 .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude304652bb842f477a4321a22ea16da0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeares Othello Analysis EssayThis is the climax of Hamlet. Claudius is alone, unsuspecting and vulnerable. Hamlet sees this and says to him self, â€Å"Now might I do it pat, now he is praying. And now I’ll do’t. And so he goes to heaven;†¦A villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven†¦ He took my father grossly, full of bread; with all his crimes broad blown, as flush as May:†¦ No! When he is drunk asleep, or in his rage†¦ or about some act that has no relish of salvation in’t;†¦ And that his soul may be†¦ damned†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines 66-87 p. 98). He could have killed him he had the best opportunity but he delayed for in his Christian belief, when one is â€Å"in the purging of his soul† (line 78 p. 198) he will be sent to heaven. Hamlet didn’t want to send Claudius to the eternal paradise his father was deprived of, so Hamlet walks away for a more revengeful event. But the King was not and could not pray hopelessly saying â€Å"My words fly up, my thoughts remain below: / Words without thoughts never to heaven go. † (lines 90-91 p. 198). A missed opportunity. Claudius could not repent for his sins for he did not feel guilty enough to give up his wicked prizes of power, ambition and his brother’s queen. From this point on everything goes down hill. Near the end Hamlet finally realizes his actions have been cowardly delayed. â€Å"How all occasions do inform against me, / and spur my dull revenge! †¦/ Bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple / of thinking too precisely on the event, / a thought which, quartered, hath but one part wisdom / and ever three parts coward,†¦ / Sith I have cause and will and strength and means / to do’t. † (lines 33-46 p. 206). Finally he realizes something about himself. His cowardly reluctance is due to ethical considerations. He is so frustrated with himself he puts all his Christian and moral beliefs aside to avenge his father’s death and swears, â€Å"from this time forth, / My thoughts be bloody, or be nothing worth! † (lines65-66 p. 207). In the end it was to late. Hamlet’s delay in action were results of his Christian and moral beliefs and his need to avenge his father’s murder. His procrastination became his downfall leading to the tragic death of his mother, Learertes, Claudius, and himself. Hamlet was the fallen hero that waited to long.